The Fluorous Phase
Perfluorocarbons possess unique properties due to their low polarity and low polarizability, which limits van der Waals interactions. As such, they are both lipophobic and hydrophobic. They form a third, fluorous phase, as a result of solvophobic exclusion from both the aqueous and lipophilic phases rather than through attractive interactions between the perfluorocarbons themselves.
Why should you care about perfluorocarbons?
Nanoparticles with perfluorocarbons have increased stability1, which enables longer circulation time in the bloodstream and facilitates greater accumulation at the tumor site via passive targeting.
Additionally, perfluorocarbons enhance drug retention of nanoparticles, allowing for a greater payload to reach the target site.