Barkholtz Research Group
Drug impaired driving is profoundly under reported but quickly gaining attention due to increasing prescription drug abuse and recently passed cannabis decriminalization laws. Screening of biological samples for the presence of illicit or licit substances is a frontline reporting tool in both clinical and forensic toxicology. However, most first responders do not currently have appropriate tools or knowledge to screen for drug impairment roadside. Due to medical skill and facility requirements to obtain forensic blood samples, there is a need for alternative matrices for drug detection. Ideally, methods will encompass qualitative application roadside and quantitative capabilities in the laboratory for confirmation and evidence. Drug passage from blood to other biological matrices depends on physiochemical properties of the compound, yet these theoretical values do not always match experimental data. There are variations between the drug properties, route of administration, and the individual consuming it that influence drug partitioning and detectability which are not yet fully understood. For forensic toxicologists to use an alternative matrix, these variations must be recognized and accounted for. Recently, diverse methods of oral fluid drug detection have emerged, but a singular dynamic quantification method is needed for widespread adoption. Furthermore, complete studies of partition ratios comparing the alternative matrix with blood are required before forensic toxicologists are comfortable presenting evidence and discussing impairment.
Article accepted: